Since the solvents that are frequently exposed in the industry are generally organic/petroleum-based, their use has been controlled due to deformations due to their toxic effects and exposure limits have been determined. It is mostly biotransformed after exposure and is excreted through urine. Metabolites obtained by bioconversion are often used as biomarkers for solvent exposure.

Benzene found in petroleum derivatives and cigarette smoke has been classified as a potential carcinogen type I by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). The toxicological effect of benzene is non-lymphocytic leukemia, aplastic anemia, chromosomal aberration and progressive degeneration of the bone marrow. Benzene is excreted in the urine without being metabolized, as well as by being transformed into primary and secondary metabolites (benzene oxide, benzene dihydrodiol, phenol, benzoquinone, sphenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA), t, t-muconic acid and catechol) in urine. t, t-muconic acid and phenol benzene are known as urinary risk biomarkers of exposure.